Journal Article 2 Mentions
Windows of developmental sensitivity to social media
Amy Orben2022
Andrew K PrzybylskiSarah‐Jayne Blakemore
Top 1% · 99th Percentile
377 citations · Sociology and Political Science
Open AccessPromoting mental health and building resilience in adolescence: Investigating mindfulness and attentional control.How Much is Too Much? Leveraging Existing and Emerging Large-Scale Social Data to Build Robust Evidence-Based Policy for Children in the Digital Age

TLDR

Social media is linked with lower life satisfaction most strongly at certain teenage ages, and these ages differ for girls and boys. Feeling less satisfied with life can also lead to using social media more later.

Summary

1 Study Aim

The authors aimed to test whether adolescence (the teenage and young-adult years) contains specific developmental windows (ages when people may be more sensitive) to social media’s relationship with life satisfaction. They also examined whether these windows differ by self-reported sex and whether social media use and life satisfaction influence each other over time. The study asked whether social media matters more at particular ages than at others.

2 Study Design

The study analyzed two UK datasets. Understanding Society provided cross-sectional comparisons (snapshots at different ages) for 72,287 people aged 10–80, plus longitudinal data (repeated measurements over time) from 17,409 people aged 10–21. The Millennium Cohort Study added data from 11,724 participants aged 13–14. Participants estimated daily social media use and rated life satisfaction. The authors used a Random-Intercept Cross-Lagged Panel Model (RI-CLPM), a method separating personal differences from year-to-year changes, to test whether one measure predicted the other one year later. Analyses included household income and neighborhood deprivation as controls. The researchers compared people across ages and tracked annual changes within individuals.

3 Findings

The study found that social media use and life satisfaction were most negatively related during adolescence. Among younger adolescents, this relationship was stronger for females, especially from ages 12–15. Longitudinal analyses found age-specific windows: higher use predicted lower life satisfaction one year later for females aged 11–13, males aged 14–15, and both sexes at age 19. Lower life satisfaction also predicted higher later social media use, regardless of age or sex. Effects were small, and the observational, self-reported data cannot establish cause and effect. The authors recommend studying puberty, social changes, individual differences, and different kinds of social media to guide targeted support. Social media may matter more at certain teenage ages, but it does not affect everyone in the same way.

Abstract

The relationship between social media use and life satisfaction changes across adolescent development. Our analyses of two UK datasets comprising 84,011 participants (10-80 years old) find that the cross-sectional relationship between self-reported estimates of social media use and life satisfaction ratings is most negative in younger adolescents. Furthermore, sex differences in this relationship are only present during this time. Longitudinal analyses of 17,409 participants (10-21 years old) suggest distinct developmental windows of sensitivity to social media in adolescence, when higher estimated social media use predicts a decrease in life satisfaction ratings one year later (and vice-versa: lower estimated social media use predicts an increase in life satisfaction ratings). These windows occur at different ages for males (14-15 and 19 years old) and females (11-13 and 19 years old). Decreases in life satisfaction ratings also predicted subsequent increases in estimated social media use, however, these were not associated with age or sex.

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