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Journal Article 1 Mention
An Undergraduate Demonstration of Gravitational Time Dilation
Brian M. Patterson2020
Mario SernaM. A. Gearba
Average · 25th percentile
2 citations · Astronomy and Astrophysics

TLDR

Time moves a little faster the higher up you go, and this can be measured with special clocks even on mountains here on Earth.

Summary

1 Study Aim

The paper aims to show that gravitational time dilation (the slowing of time near massive objects) can be measured on Earth using accessible equipment. The authors want to demonstrate this effect to undergraduate students by comparing how fast time passes at different elevations. Simply put: The study wants to prove that time really does move differently at different heights above the ground.

2 Study Design

The researchers used atomic clocks (very precise timekeeping devices) to measure time at three different elevations: Colorado College (1845 meters), the United States Air Force Academy (2165 meters), and near the summit of Pikes Peak (4288 meters). By comparing the clocks at these locations, they could see if time passed at different rates depending on altitude. The experiment was designed so that students and teachers could repeat it with similar equipment and elevation changes. Simply put: The team took super-accurate clocks to different heights on a mountain and checked if they ticked at different speeds.

3 Findings

The study reveals that clocks at higher elevations tick faster than those at lower elevations, matching the predictions of Einstein’s general theory of relativity (which says gravity slows down time). The results confirm that gravitational time dilation is not just a theory or a science fiction idea, but a real effect that can be measured on Earth with the right tools. The authors suggest that this experiment is simple enough for students and teachers to try themselves, making a complex physics concept more accessible. Simply put: The experiment showed that time really does speed up the higher you go, just like Einstein said.

Abstract

According to Einstein’s general theory of relativity, a clock runs more slowly if it is close to a large gravitating object. This principle was highlighted in the movie “Interstellar,” in which the main character spends several hours on a planet orbiting a massive black hole, and returns to find that his young daughter has become an elderly woman. In the movie, one hour on the planet equates to seven years on Earth. The same effect can be measured on a much smaller scale by changing locations within Earth’s gravitational field. Using atomic clocks, we have compared the ticking of time at Colorado College (elevation 1845 m above sea level), at the United States Air Force Academy (elevation 2165 m), and near the summit of Pikes Peak (elevation 4288 m). Our results confirm that clocks do indeed tick more quickly at higher altitudes, in accordance with Einstein’s theory. This work was carried out as a collaboration of physics majors and faculty at Colorado College (CC) and the United States Air Force Academy (USAFA). The experimental technique is straightforward and our results can be reproduced by other students and teachers, given access to an atomic clock and reasonably large changes in elevation. Indeed, a similar endeavor has been reported by amateur clock enthusiasts.

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