Summary
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1 Sample Definition And Size
This paper is a theoretical review of the Orch OR (Orchestrated Objective Reduction) theory of consciousness, not an empirical study. It does not involve a sample of subjects or experiments, nor does it review a specific number of studies in a meta-analysis format.
2 Study Type
Review article (theoretical review) of the Orch OR theory, synthesizing developments and criticisms across quantum biology, neuroscience, physics, and cosmology.
3 Conflicts Of Interest
No conflicts of interest are declared in the accessible content of the paper; the article does not include a 'Conflict of interest' statement in the open-access version. ([doi.org](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plrev.2013.08.002))
4 Results Summary
Key findings: The Orch OR theory proposes that consciousness arises from orchestrated quantum processes in microtubules within neurons, culminating in objective reduction events per the Diósi–Penrose scheme, which correspond to moments of conscious awareness. The review discusses evidence for warm quantum vibrations in microtubules, identifies microtubule 'quantum channels' affected by anesthetics, and introduces the idea that beat frequencies of microtubule vibrations may underlie EEG correlates of consciousness. It concludes that consciousness may play an intrinsic role in the universe. ([doi.org](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plrev.2013.08.002))