Journal Article
Cyclospora cayetanensis: A Perspective (2020–2023) with Emphasis on Epidemiology and Detection Methods
S. Almerı́a2023
Leonor Chacín‐BonillaJenny G. Maloney
Top 25% · 75th percentile
40 citations · Parasitology
Open Access

TLDR

Cyclospora cayetanensis is a parasite that causes stomach illness and is often found on fresh produce and in water. New ways to detect and track it have been developed, but more research is needed to stop its spread and protect people’s health.

Summary

1 Study Aim

This paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of recent advances (2020–2023) in the understanding of Cyclospora cayetanensis, a parasite that causes cyclosporiasis in humans. The authors seek to summarize new findings in its epidemiology, taxonomy, detection methods, and highlight ongoing knowledge gaps that hinder effective prevention and control of infections. Simply put: The paper reviews what scientists have recently learned about Cyclospora cayetanensis and what still needs to be figured out.

2 Study Design

The authors conducted a narrative review, gathering and analyzing published research from 2020 to 2023 on Cyclospora cayetanensis. They examined studies on the parasite’s biology, spread, outbreaks, detection in food, water, soil, and clinical samples, as well as recent advances in laboratory methods. The review also discusses global prevalence, risk factors, and prevention strategies, drawing from a wide range of international studies and surveillance reports. Simply put: The researchers looked at many recent studies and reports to summarize what is known about this parasite and how it is detected.

3 Findings

The review reveals that Cyclospora cayetanensis remains a significant public health concern due to its presence in fresh produce, water, and soil. Recent years have seen advances in molecular detection and genotyping methods, making it easier to identify and track outbreaks. However, challenges persist, such as limited access to parasite samples, lack of animal models, and difficulties in environmental detection. The authors emphasize the need for better prevention, rapid test kits, and more research on how the parasite survives and spreads in the environment. They recommend targeted public health interventions, especially in resource-poor areas, and call for improved surveillance and coordinated research to close knowledge gaps. Simply put: Scientists have better tools to find and study this parasite, but stopping its spread still needs more work and better ways to test and track it.

Abstract

Cyclospora cayetanensis infections are prevalent worldwide, and the parasite has become a major public health and food safety concern. Although important efforts have been dedicated to advance toward preventing and reducing incidences of cyclosporiasis, there are still several knowledge gaps that hamper the implementation of effective measures to prevent the contamination of produce and water with Cyclospora oocysts. Some of these data gaps can be attributed to the fact that access to oocysts is a limiting factor in C. cayetanensis research. There are no animal models or in vivo or in vitro culture systems to propagate the oocysts needed to facilitate C. cayetanensis research. Thus, researchers must rely upon limited supplies of oocysts obtained from naturally infected human patients considerably restricting what can be learnt about this parasite. Despite the limited supply of C. cayetanensis oocysts, several important advances have happened in the past 3 years. Great progress has been made in the Cyclospora field in the areas of molecular characterization of strains and species, generation of genomes, and development of novel detection methods. This comprehensive perspective summarizes research published from 2020 to 2023 and evaluates what we have learnt and identifies those aspects in which further research is needed.